Iphaneli yelanga sisixhobo esiguqula imitha yelanga ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kumandla ombane ngesiphumo sombane okanye isiphumo sefotochemical ngokufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga.Izinto eziphambili zeepaneli ezininzi zelanga "i-silicon".Inkulu kangangokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kusenemida ethile.
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri eziqhelekileyo kunye neebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, iiseli zelanga zigcina amandla amaninzi kunye neemveliso eziluhlaza ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Iseli yelanga sisixhobo esisabela ekukhanyeni kwaye siguqule amandla okukhanya abe ngumbane.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezinokuvelisa umphumo we-photovoltaic, ezifana: i-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-silicon ye-polycrystalline, i-silicon ye-amorphous, i-gallium arsenide, i-indium copper selenide, njl. ngokuthatha i-crystalline silicon njengomzekelo.I-silicon ye-crystalline yohlobo lwe-P inokujongwa nge-phosphorus ukufumana i-silicon yohlobo lwe-N ukwenza i-PN junction.
Xa ukukhanya kubetha umphezulu weseli yelanga, inxalenye yeefotoni ixutywa yi-silicon;Amandla eefotoni akhutshelwa kwii-athom ze-silicon, ezibangela ukuba ii-electron zitshintshe kwaye zibe zii-electron zasimahla eziqokelelana kumacala omabini esidibane se-PN ukuze zenze umahluko onokubakho, xa isekethe yangaphandle ivuliwe. , i-current iya kuhamba ngesiphaluka sangaphandle ukuvelisa amandla athile okuvelisa.Ingundoqo yale nkqubo kukuba: inkqubo yokuguqula amandla e-photon kumandla ombane.
1. Ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga Zimbini iindlela zokuvelisa amandla elanga, enye yindlela yokuguqula umbane we-light-thermal-electric, kwaye enye yindlela yokuguqula ngqo umbane wokukhanya.
(1) Indlela yokuguqula i-light-heat-electric ivelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa i-thermal energy eyenziwa yimitha yelanga.Ngokubanzi, umqokeleli welanga uguqula amandla ashushu afunxiweyo abe ngumphunga wesixhobo sokusebenza, aze aqhube i-injini yomphunga ukuvelisa umbane.Inkqubo yangaphambili yinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-light-thermal;inkqubo yokugqibela yinkqubo yokuguqula i-thermal-electrical, efana nesiqhelo sokuvelisa amandla ombane.Izityalo zamandla obushushu belanga zinokusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ushishino lwabo lukwinqanaba lokuqala, utyalo-mali lwangoku luphezulu.Isikhululo samandla obushushu belanga esili-1000MW sidinga ukutyala iibhiliyoni ezi-2 ukuya kwi-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kwaye umyinge wotyalo-mali oluyi-1kW ngama-2000 ukuya kuma-2500 eedola zaseMelika.Ke ngoko, ilungele imisitho emincinci ekhethekileyo, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwezinga elikhulu kungenaqoqosho kwaye akunakukhuphisana nezixhobo zombane eziqhelekileyo ezishushu okanye izixhobo zamandla enyukliya.
(2) Indlela yokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kumbane Le ndlela isebenzisa umphumo wefoto yombane ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla emitha yelanga ibe ngamandla ombane.Isixhobo esisisiseko sokuguqula ukukhanya ukuya kumbane ziiseli zelanga.Iseli yelanga sisixhobo esiguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhanya kwelanga kumandla ombane ngenxa yesiphumo se-photovoltaic.Yifotodiode ye-semiconductor.Xa ilanga likhanya kwifotodiode, ifotodiode iya kuguqula amandla okukhanya kwelanga abe ngamandla ombane kwaye ivelise umbane.yangoku.Xa iiseli ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho okanye ngokunxuseneyo, inokuba luluhlu lweeseli zelanga ezinamandla amakhulu aphumayo.Iiseli zeSolar luhlobo olutsha oluthembisayo lomthombo wamandla kunye neenzuzo ezintathu eziphambili: ngokusisigxina, ukucoceka kunye nokuguquguquka.Iiseli zelanga zinobomi obude.Ngethuba nje ilanga likhona, iiseli zelanga zingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide kunye notyalo-mali olunye;kunye namandla e-thermal, ukuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iiseli zelanga azibangeli ukungcoliseka kwendalo;iiseli zelanga zinokuba nkulu, ziphakathi nezincinci, ukusuka kwisikhululo samandla esiphakathi esisisigidi seekilowatts ukuya kwipakethi encinci yebhetri yelanga kwikhaya elinye kuphela, elingenakuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-08-2023