Imirasire y'izuba

Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, azwi kandi nk'amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, akubiyemo: imirasire y'izuba, umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi, umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi, umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi, inverter, interineti yo kwaguka hanze na batiri, n'ibindi. ingufu z'izuba n'imbaraga zisanzwe, kandi irashobora guhinduka mu buryo bwikora.Amashanyarazi yimodoka ya Photovoltaque akoreshwa cyane, kandi nibikoresho byiza bitanga amashanyarazi mugutabara ibiza byihutirwa, ubukerarugendo, igisirikare, ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya, archeologiya, amashuri, ibitaro, amabanki, sitasiyo ya lisansi, inyubako zuzuye, umuhanda munini, insimburangingo, ingando zimiryango nibindi bikorwa byo murwego cyangwa ibikoresho byihutirwa bitanga amashanyarazi.

Ingingo zo guhaha

Imirasire y'izuba ishobora gutwara igizwe n'ibice bitatu: imirasire y'izuba, bateri zidasanzwe zo kubika hamwe nibikoresho bisanzwe.Babiri ba mbere nurufunguzo rugira ingaruka kumiterere nimikorere yibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, kandi bigomba kwitabwaho mugikorwa cyo kugura.

Kuzunguruka imirasire y'izuba

Hano hari ubwoko butatu bwizuba ryizuba kumasoko, harimo imirasire yizuba ya monocrystalline silicon, imirasire yizuba ya polycrystalline silicon, hamwe nizuba rya amorphous silicon.

Imirasire y'izuba ya Monocrystalline ni selile zikoreshwa cyane mu gutanga ingufu z'izuba.Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gukora cyarangiye, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n’igipimo cyo guhindura amashanyarazi.Byombi Shenzhou 7 na Chang'e 1 byatangijwe nigihugu cyanjye bifashisha imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline silicon, kandi igipimo cyo guhindura gishobora kugera kuri 40%.Nyamara, kubera igiciro kinini, igipimo cyo guhindura ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline ku isoko kiri hagati ya 15% na 18%.

Igiciro cyizuba rya polycrystalline silicon izuba kiri munsi yicy'imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline, kandi fotosensitivite ni nziza, ishobora kumva urumuri rw'izuba n'umucyo mwinshi.Ariko igipimo cyo guhindura amashanyarazi ni 11% -13% gusa.Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, imikorere nayo iratera imbere, ariko imikorere iracyari munsi gato ya silicon monocrystalline.

Igipimo cyo guhindura imirasire y'izuba ya amorphous silicon nicyo cyo hasi cyane, urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere ni hafi 10% gusa, mugihe urwego rwimbere mu gihugu ruri hagati ya 6% na 8%, kandi ntiruhagaze neza, kandi igipimo cyo guhindura akenshi kigabanuka cyane.Kubwibyo, amorphous silicon selile selile ikoreshwa cyane mumasoko yumucyo wamashanyarazi, nkumubare wizuba wa elegitoroniki, amasaha ya elegitoronike nibindi.Nubwo igiciro ari gito, igipimo / imikorere ntikiri hejuru.

Muri rusange, iyo uhisemo amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, silikoni ya monocrystalline na silicon polycrystalline iracyari iyingenzi.Nibyiza kudahitamo amorphous silicon kubera guhendwa.

Batare idasanzwe yo kuzinga

Bateri zidasanzwe zo kubika amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku isoko zishobora kugabanywamo bateri ya lithium na bateri ya hydride ya nikel-ibyuma ukurikije ibikoresho.

Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora kwishyurwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose kandi ntigire ingaruka zo kwibuka.Bateri ya Lithium-ion ni bateri ya lithium ikunze gukoreshwa muri terefone zigendanwa gakondo cyangwa kamera ya digitale.Ibinyuranye, bateri ya elegitoroniki ya polymer lithium ifite ibyiza byinshi.Bafite ibyiza byo kunanuka, ahantu hatabigenewe nuburyo butandukanye, kandi ntibizatera ibibazo byumutekano nko kumeneka kwamazi no guturika.Kubwibyo, bateri ya aluminium-plastike irashobora gukoreshwa.Filime ikomatanya ikora bateri, bityo ikongerera ubushobozi bwihariye bwa bateri yose.Mugihe ibiciro bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bateri ya polymer lithium-ion izasimbuza bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion.

Ikibazo na bateri ya hydride ya nikel-icyuma ni uko kwishyuza no gusohora bigira ingaruka zo kwibuka, imikorere ikaba mike, kandi na voltage ya buri selile ya batiri ni ntoya ugereranije na bateri ya lithium-ion, ubusanzwe idakoreshwa nizuba ryikurura. amasoko y'ingufu.

Byongeye kandi, bateri zikoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba zizaba zifite ibirenze urugero birenze urugero, ingufu zirenze urugero hamwe ninshingano zo gukingira birenze.Iyo bateri imaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, izahita ifunga kandi ntizongera kwishyurwa, kandi izahita ihagarika amashanyarazi kugirango irinde bateri nibikoresho byamashanyarazi mugihe bisohotse kurwego runaka.