imirasire y'izuba

Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho gihindura imirasire y'izuba mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi binyuze mu mafoto ya elegitoroniki cyangwa ingaruka za fotokimike ikurura urumuri rw'izuba.Ibikoresho nyamukuru byizuba ryinshi ni "silicon".Ninini cyane kuburyo ikoreshwa ryayo iracyafite aho igarukira.

Ugereranije na bateri zisanzwe hamwe na bateri zishobora kwishyurwa, ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zangiza ibidukikije.

Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho gisubiza urumuri kandi gihindura ingufu z'umuriro amashanyarazi.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bishobora kubyara ingaruka za Photovoltaque, nka: silicon monocrystalline, silicon polycrystalline, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, indium y'umuringa selenide, nibindi. mu gufata kristaline silicon nkurugero.Ubwoko bwa P-kristaline silicon irashobora gukopororwa na fosifore kugirango ubone N-silicon yo mu bwoko bwa PN kugirango ihuze PN.

Iyo urumuri rukubise hejuru yizuba, igice cya fotone cyinjizwa nibikoresho bya silicon;imbaraga za fotone zimurirwa kuri atome ya silicon, bigatuma electron zihinduka kandi zigahinduka electroni yubusa yegeranya kumpande zombi zihuza PN kugirango habeho itandukaniro rishobora kubaho, mugihe uruziga rwo hanze rufunguye, Mubikorwa byiyi voltage , ikigezweho kizanyura mumuzunguruko wo hanze kugirango kibyare imbaraga zisohoka.Intangiriro yiki gikorwa ni: inzira yo guhindura ingufu za fotone mumashanyarazi.

1. Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kubyara ingufu z'izuba, bumwe ni uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi, naho ubundi ni uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi.

(1) Uburyo bwo guhindura urumuri-ubushyuhe-amashanyarazi butanga amashanyarazi ukoresheje ingufu zumuriro zituruka kumirasire yizuba.Mubisanzwe, ikusanyirizo ryizuba rihindura ingufu zumuriro zinjijwe mumashanyarazi ikora, hanyuma igatwara turbine kugirango itange amashanyarazi.Inzira yambere nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura ibintu;inzira yanyuma nuburyo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi-yumuriro, ibyo bikaba bisa nkibisanzwe byamashanyarazi.Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba afite ingufu nyinshi, ariko kubera ko inganda zabo ziri mu ntangiriro, ishoramari ririho ubu ni ryinshi.Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba 1000MW akeneye gushora miliyari 2 kugeza kuri miliyari 2,5 z'amadolari y'Amerika, naho impuzandengo ya 1kW ni 2000 kugeza 2500 US $.Kubwibyo, irakwiriye mugihe gito cyihariye, mugihe imikoreshereze nini yubukungu idafite ubukungu kandi ntishobora guhangana ninganda zisanzwe zamashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi.

.Igikoresho cyibanze cyo guhindura urumuri-amashanyarazi ni selile izuba.Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho gihindura ingufu z'izuba mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi kubera ingaruka zifotora.Ni fotokode ya semiconductor.Iyo izuba rirashe kuri fotodiode, fotodiode izahindura ingufu zumucyo wizuba mububasha bwamashanyarazi kandi bitange amashanyarazi.ikigezweho.Iyo selile nyinshi zahujwe murukurikirane cyangwa murwego rumwe, birashobora guhinduka imirasire yizuba hamwe nimbaraga nini zisohoka.Imirasire y'izuba ni ubwoko bushya bw'amashanyarazi butanga ibyiza bitatu byingenzi: guhoraho, isuku no guhinduka.Imirasire y'izuba ifite ubuzima burebure.Igihe cyose izuba ribaho, ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zirashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire hamwe nishoramari rimwe;nimbaraga zumuriro, kubyara ingufu za kirimbuzi.Ibinyuranye, izuba ntiritera umwanda ibidukikije;imirasire y'izuba irashobora kuba nini, iringaniye na nto, kuva kuri sitasiyo yingufu zingana na miliyoni imwe kilowat kugeza kuri pake ya batiri yizuba kumurugo umwe gusa, ntaho ihuriye nandi masoko.