maselo dzuwa ndi zambiri zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi zachilengedwe wochezeka mankhwala obiriwira.

Solar panel ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza ma radiation a dzuwa mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mumphamvu ya photoelectric kapena photochemical effect potengera kuwala kwa dzuwa.Chinthu chachikulu cha mapanelo ambiri a dzuwa ndi "silicon".Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala kuli ndi malire.

Poyerekeza ndi mabatire wamba ndi mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwa, ma cell a solar ndiwopulumutsa mphamvu komanso zachilengedwe zobiriwira.

Selo la dzuwa ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayankha kuwala ndikusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala magetsi.Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zomwe zingathe kupanga photovoltaic effect, monga: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silikoni, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, indium copper selenide, etc. Mfundo zawo zopangira mphamvu ndizofanana, ndipo ndondomeko yopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ikufotokozedwa. potengera crystalline silikoni mwachitsanzo.Silicon yamtundu wa P-crystalline imatha kupangidwa ndi phosphorous kuti ipeze silicon yamtundu wa N kuti ipange mphambano ya PN.

Pamene kuwala kugunda pamwamba pa selo la dzuwa, gawo lina la photon limatengedwa ndi zinthu za silicon;mphamvu ya photon imasamutsidwa ku maatomu a silicon, kuchititsa kuti ma elekitironi asinthe ndikukhala ma elekitironi aulere omwe amaunjikana mbali zonse za mphambano ya PN kuti apange kusiyana komwe kungathe kuchitika, pamene dera lakunja litsegulidwa , Pansi pa mphamvu ya magetsi awa. , chapano chidzadutsa mudera lakunja kuti apange mphamvu inayake yotulutsa.Chofunikira cha njirayi ndi: njira yosinthira mphamvu ya photon kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.

1. Kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa Pali njira ziwiri zopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa, imodzi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo ina ndi njira yosinthira mwachindunji.

(1) Njira yosinthira magetsi-kutentha-magetsi imapanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi cheza cha dzuwa.Nthawi zambiri, wokhometsa dzuŵa amasintha mphamvu yotentha yotentha kukhala nthunzi ya sing'anga yogwirira ntchito, ndiyeno amayendetsa turbine ya nthunzi kuti apange magetsi.Kale ndondomeko ndi kuwala matenthedwe kutembenuka ndondomeko;njira yotsirizayi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe ili yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamba.Zomera zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, koma chifukwa chakuti mafakitale awo ali poyambira, ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa ndizokwera kwambiri.Malo opangira magetsi a solar a 1000MW akufunika kuyika ndalama zokwana 2 biliyoni mpaka 2.5 biliyoni zaku US, ndipo ndalama zapakati pa 1kW ndi 2000 mpaka 2500 US dollars.Choncho, ndi yoyenera pazochitika zapadera zazing'ono, pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kumakhala kopanda chuma ndipo sikungathe kupikisana ndi mafakitale wamba amagetsi otenthetsera kapena magetsi a nyukiliya.

(2) Njira yosinthira molunjika ku magetsi Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photoelectric kuti isinthe mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Chipangizo choyambirira chosinthira kuwala kupita kumagetsi ndi ma cell a solar.Selo la dzuwa ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha photovoltaic effect.Ndi semiconductor photodiode.Dzuwa likawalira pa photodiode, photodiode imatembenuza mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kupanga magetsi.panopa.Maselo ambiri akalumikizidwa motsatizana kapena mofananira, amatha kukhala gulu la ma cell a solar okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa.Maselo a dzuwa ndi mtundu watsopano wamagetsi wodalirika wokhala ndi zabwino zitatu zazikulu: kukhalitsa, ukhondo ndi kusinthasintha.Maselo a dzuwa amakhala ndi moyo wautali.Malingana ngati dzuwa lilipo, maselo a dzuwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndi ndalama imodzi;ndi mphamvu ya kutentha, kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maselo a dzuwa samayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe;maselo a dzuwa akhoza kukhala aakulu, apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono, kuchokera ku siteshoni yamagetsi yapakatikati ya kilowatts miliyoni imodzi kupita ku paketi yaing'ono ya batire ya dzuwa kwa banja limodzi lokha, lomwe silingafanane ndi magetsi ena.