The solar power generation system mainly includes: solar cell components, controllers, batteries, inverters, loads, etc. Among them, the solar cell components and batteries are the power supply system, the controller and the inverter are the control and protection system, and the load is the system terminal.
1. Solar cell module
The solar cell module is the core part of the power generation system. Its function is to directly convert the radiant energy of the sun into direct current, which is used by the load or stored in the battery for backup. Generally, according to the needs of users, several solar panels are connected in a certain way to form a solar cell square (array), and then appropriate brackets and junction boxes are added to form a solar cell module.
2. Charge Controller
In the solar power generation system, the basic function of the charge controller is to provide the best charging current and voltage for the battery, charge the battery quickly, smoothly and efficiently, reduce the loss during the charging process, and prolong the service life of the battery as much as possible; Protect the battery from overcharging and overdischarging. The advanced controller can simultaneously record and display various important data of the system, such as charging current, voltage and so on. The main functions of the controller are as follows:
1) Overcharge protection to avoid damage to the battery due to excessive charging voltage.
2) Over-discharge protection to prevent the battery from being damaged due to discharge to a too low voltage.
3) The anti-reverse connection function prevents the battery and solar panel from being unable to be used or even causing an accident due to the positive and negative connection.
4) The lightning protection function avoids damage to the entire system due to lightning strikes.
5) The temperature compensation is mainly for places with large temperature difference to ensure that the battery is in the best charging effect.
6) The timing function controls the working time of the load and avoids wasting energy.
7) Overcurrent protection When the load is too large or short-circuited, the load will be automatically cut off to ensure the safe operation of the system.
8) Overheat protection When the working temperature of the system is too high, it will automatically stop supplying power to the load. After the fault is eliminated, it will automatically resume normal operation.
9) Automatic identification of voltage For different system operating voltages, automatic identification is required, and no additional settings are required.
3. Battery
The function of the battery is to store the DC power emitted by the solar cell array for use by the load. In a photovoltaic power generation system, the battery is in a state of floating charge and discharge. During the day, the solar cell array charges the battery, and at the same time, the square array also supplies electricity to the load. At night, the load electricity is all supplied by the battery. Therefore, it is required that the self-discharge of the battery should be small, and the charging efficiency should be high. At the same time, factors such as price and convenience of use should also be considered.
4. Inverter
Most electrical appliances, such as fluorescent lamps, TV sets, refrigerators, electric fans and most power machinery, work with alternating current. In order for such electrical appliances to work normally, the solar power generation system needs to convert direct current into alternating current. A power electronic device with this function is called an inverter. The inverter also has an automatic voltage regulation function, which can improve the power supply quality of the photovoltaic power generation system.
Post time: Apr-29-2023