Hasken rana wata na'ura ce da ke juyar da hasken rana kai tsaye ko a kaikaice zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar tasirin photoelectric ko photochemical ta hanyar ɗaukar hasken rana.Babban abu na mafi yawan hasken rana shine "silicon".Yana da girma sosai cewa yawan amfani da shi har yanzu yana da wasu iyakoki.
Idan aka kwatanta da batura na yau da kullun da batura masu caji, ƙwayoyin hasken rana sun fi ƙarfin ceton kuzari da samfuran kore masu alaƙa da muhalli.
Solar cell wata na'ura ce da ke amsa haske da canza makamashin haske zuwa wutar lantarki.Akwai nau'ikan kayan da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da tasirin hoto, kamar: silicon monocrystalline, silicon polycrystalline, silicon amorphous, gallium arsenide, indium jan karfe selenide, da dai sauransu. Ka'idodin samar da wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ne, kuma an bayyana tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. ta hanyar ɗaukar silicon crystalline a matsayin misali.Silicon crystalline nau'in P-nau'in za a iya doped tare da phosphorus don samun nau'in silicon don samar da haɗin PN.
Lokacin da hasken ya faɗo saman tantanin rana, wani ɓangare na photon yana ɗaukar kayan silicon;Ana tura makamashin photons zuwa kwayoyin halitta na silicon, yana haifar da electrons don canzawa kuma su zama electrons kyauta waɗanda ke taru a bangarorin biyu na haɗin PN don samar da wani bambanci mai yuwuwa, lokacin da aka kunna kewayen waje , Karkashin aikin wannan ƙarfin lantarki , wani halin yanzu zai gudana ta cikin kewayen waje don samar da wani ƙarfin fitarwa.Asalin wannan tsari shine: tsarin canza makamashin photon zuwa makamashin lantarki.
1. Samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da wutar lantarki, daya shine hanyar canza hasken wuta da wutar lantarki, daya kuma shine hanyar canza hasken wuta kai tsaye.
(1) Hanyar musayar wuta-zafi-lantarki na samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da makamashin zafi da hasken rana ke samarwa.Gabaɗaya, mai tara hasken rana yana jujjuya makamashin thermal ɗin da aka ɗauka zuwa tururi na matsakaicin aiki, sannan ya tura injin tururi don samar da wutar lantarki.Tsohuwar tsari shine tsarin juyawa mai haske-zazzabi;Tsarin na ƙarshe shine tsarin juyawa na thermal-electrical, wanda yayi daidai da samar da wutar lantarki ta yau da kullun.Tashoshin wutar lantarki na hasken rana suna da inganci sosai, amma saboda haɓakar masana'antar su a matakin farko, jarin da ake sakawa yanzu yana da inganci.Tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin 1000MW mai amfani da hasken rana na bukatar zuba jarin dala biliyan 2 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, kuma matsakaicin jarin 1kW ya kai dalar Amurka 2000 zuwa 2500.Sabili da haka, ya dace da ƙananan lokuta na musamman, yayin da yawan amfani da shi ba shi da tattalin arziki kuma ba zai iya yin gogayya da tashoshin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun ko na nukiliya ba.
(2) Hanyar juyawa kai tsaye zuwa haske-zuwa-lantarki Wannan hanya tana amfani da tasirin hoto don canza hasken rana kai tsaye makamashin lantarki.Tushen na'urar don canza haske-zuwa-lantarki shine ƙwayoyin rana.Kwayoyin rana wata na'ura ce da ke juyar da makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki saboda tasirin photovoltaic.Yana da wani semiconductor photodiode.Lokacin da rana ta haskaka a kan photodiode, photodiode zai canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma ya samar da wutar lantarki.halin yanzu.Lokacin da aka haɗa sel da yawa a jeri ko a layi daya, zai iya zama tsararrun tantanin rana tare da babban ƙarfin fitarwa.Kwayoyin hasken rana sabon nau'in tushen wutar lantarki ne mai ban sha'awa tare da manyan fa'idodi guda uku: dindindin, tsabta da sassauci.Kwayoyin hasken rana suna da tsawon rai.Muddin rana ta wanzu, ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na dogon lokaci tare da zuba jari ɗaya;da wutar lantarki, makamashin nukiliya.Sabanin haka, ƙwayoyin rana ba sa haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli;Kwayoyin hasken rana na iya zama manya, matsakaita da kanana, daga matsakaicin tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin kilowatt miliyan daya zuwa wata karamar fakitin batir mai amfani da hasken rana ga gida daya kacal, wanda babu irinsa da sauran hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-08-2023